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Bank of Japan Launches Discussions with 60 Companies for Digital Yen Pilot Program

On July 20, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) began a series of discussions with 60 companies as part of a pilot program aimed at developing a digital yen.

This move reflects a growing trend among central banks worldwide to explore the issuance of digital versions of their currencies for retail purposes.

According to a statement by the central bank, the discussions will encompass a range of topics, including the business and technological aspects of conducting retail settlements using a central bank digital currency (CBDC).

It is important to note that the BOJ has not yet made a final decision on whether Japan will proceed with the issuance of a digital yen.

This determination lies with the government and parliament, which will need to evaluate the implications and potential benefits of such a digital currency.

However, the fact that numerous major Japanese companies have been included in the list of 60 firms selected for these discussions is a clear indication that Japan is making significant strides towards potentially launching a digital yen.

Among the participants are well-known entities such as Sony, a leading electronics giant, Lawson, a prominent convenience store operator, the financial division of auto giant Toyota, and East Japan Railway.

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The global interest in CBDCs stems from central banks’ desire to remain relevant in the rapidly evolving financial landscape, where digital payments are becoming increasingly popular, and cash usage is declining.

By developing their digital currencies, central banks aim to ensure that digital payment systems are not solely controlled by private sector entities.

According to a recent survey conducted by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), approximately two dozen central banks from both emerging and advanced economies are expected to have their digital currencies in circulation by the end of this decade.

As the BOJ engages in these discussions and other central banks accelerate their efforts towards digital currencies, the financial world is witnessing a paradigm shift in how money is conceptualized and used.

The successful implementation of a digital yen or any other CBDC will undoubtedly have far-reaching implications for the global economy and the future of financial transactions.

However, until a final decision is made, Japan and other countries will continue to closely monitor the developments and possibilities of digital currencies in the years to come.

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Bitcoin Faces Downside Threat as Prices Hover Below $30,000 Mark

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Bitcoin (BTC) faced downward pressure over the weekend, and its ticker dipped to $29,906 as traders anticipated the July 23 candle close.

With BTC/USD acting below $30,000, this level became intraday resistance, and concerns grew among traders that further losses might be in store.

Prominent trader Crypto Tony analyzed the 3-day chart and observed a double top rejection, signaling potential further declines. He highlighted two critical psychological levels to watch, $25,000 and $20,000, in case of a drop.

Another trader, Nebraskan Gooner, shared the sentiment that downward price action was likely, as BTC/USD had fallen below the narrow range that had been in play for the past month.

However, traders were divided on whether Bitcoin would break out or break down to revisit previous price levels from earlier in the year.

Toni Ghinea, a popular trader and analyst, foresaw a decisive move for Bitcoin in the coming week. He identified $31,000-$32,000 as resistance and $29,000 as support, urging caution not to get carried away if there’s a break above the range high.

In the event of a significant drop, he pointed out the key area to watch at $27,000-$28,000, and if it holds, buyers should be prepared for a potential pullback. However, a further breakdown to the $19,000-$23,000 range remained a possibility.

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Market analysis earlier noted the importance of various trend lines that acted as support and resistance for Bitcoin.

The following week was expected to be crucial for Bitcoin’s price action as markets reacted to macroeconomic policy cues.

The US Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) was scheduled to meet to decide on interest rates before the Bitcoin monthly close.

It was widely predicted that interest rates would return to a hike after a previous pause, with odds standing at 99.2% as of July 23, according to CME Group’s FedWatch Tool.

Overall, uncertainty loomed over the Bitcoin market, and traders were closely monitoring key levels and macroeconomic developments to gauge the cryptocurrency’s future direction.

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North Korean Hacking Group Launches Cryptocurrency Attack Through US IT Firm

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On July 20, Reuters reported that a hacking group backed by the North Korean government successfully infiltrated an American IT management company, JumpCloud, and exploited it as a launching point to target cryptocurrency companies.

JumpCloud, based in Louisville, Colorado, disclosed the breach in a blog post, stating that the hackers gained unauthorized access to their systems in late June. The attackers then focused their efforts on fewer than five of JumpCloud’s clients.

Though JumpCloud did not reveal the affected customers’ identities, cybersecurity companies CrowdStrike Holdings and Mandiant, who are assisting JumpCloud and one of its clients, respectively, confirmed that the hackers were known for their interest in cryptocurrency theft.

Notably, the specific targets of the attack were cryptocurrency companies, according to individuals familiar with the matter.

This incident underscores the evolving tactics of North Korean cyber spies, who have shifted from targeting digital currency firms one by one to adopting a “supply chain attack” strategy.

By exploiting a company like JumpCloud, which provides services to multiple clients, the hackers gained access to multiple potential victims downstream.

CrowdStrike identified the hacking group responsible as “Labyrinth Chollima,” which is just one of several groups believed to operate on behalf of North Korea.

On the other hand, Mandiant attributed the attackers to North Korea’s Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB), the primary foreign intelligence agency.

The cyber intrusion into JumpCloud was first brought to public attention when the company sent emails to its customers, warning them of a credential change due to an ongoing incident.

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It’s worth noting that North Korea’s involvement as a suspect in the hack was previously suggested by the cybersecurity-focused podcast, Risky Business.

Labyrinth Chollima, known for being one of North Korea’s most active hacking groups, has been responsible for audacious and disruptive cyber intrusions.

In particular, their cryptocurrency thefts have resulted in significant financial losses, with an estimated $1.7 billion worth of digital cash stolen across multiple hacks, as reported by Blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis.

Cybersecurity experts and firms like SentinelOne share concerns that North Korean supply chain attacks will likely continue.

The hackers’ ability to evolve their techniques and target entities with access to numerous potential victims poses an ongoing challenge for the cybersecurity community.

Despite the mounting evidence, North Korea’s mission to the United Nations in New York has not responded to requests for comment.

The country has consistently denied any involvement in digital currency heists, even in the face of compelling evidence, including United Nations reports confirming their activities.

As the sophistication and audacity of North Korean hackers continue to grow, the cybersecurity landscape must remain vigilant to combat their persistent and evolving threats.

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UK Financial Services Minister Rejects Treating Cryptoassets as Gambling

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Britain’s Financial Services Minister, Andrew Griffith, has rejected the idea of treating cryptoassets as a form of gambling.

He argues that such a classification would not only put Britain at odds with global and EU regulators but also fail to address the risks posed by the crypto sector.

In a report released in May, Parliament’s Treasury Select Committee suggested that cryptocurrencies like bitcoin and ether should be regulated as gambling due to the significant risks they pose to consumers.

However, Griffith firmly disagrees with this recommendation, asserting that it could lead consumers to mistakenly believe that investing in crypto is safer than it actually is.

UK regulators have been warning investors about the potential to lose all their money in the volatile crypto market.

The UK government has ambitious plans to establish itself as a global hub for cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.

Nevertheless, Griffith maintains that regulating cryptoassets as gambling would not be an appropriate solution to ensure the safety and stability of the sector.

Moreover, such an approach would contradict internationally agreed-upon recommendations from standard-setting bodies like the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) and the G20 Financial Stability Board (FSB).

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Both organizations have been actively working on establishing standards for the crypto sector, with IOSCO having proposed the world’s first set of rules for cryptocurrencies in May.

Griffith emphasizes that adopting a gambling regulation model would also risk creating confusion and overlapping mandates between financial regulators and the Gambling Commission.

This misalignment could hinder the growth and development of the crypto industry in the UK.

The European Union has already approved a comprehensive set of rules for trading cryptoassets, scheduled to take effect in mid-2024.

However, buying or selling cryptocurrencies is not currently classified as gambling under the UK’s Gambling Act.

The UK’s gambling watchdog previously investigated a fantasy sports company called Sorare, which uses cryptocurrency for buying and selling non-fungible tokens (NFTs) representing sports stars.

The investigation aimed to determine whether the game amounted to gambling.

Looking ahead, Britain is working on regulations for stablecoins, a type of cryptocurrency backed by underlying assets to maintain a stable value.

These regulations will differentiate stablecoins from the more volatile “unbacked” cryptocurrencies like bitcoin and ether.

In conclusion, the debate over how to regulate cryptoassets continues in the UK, with the government aiming to strike a balance between fostering innovation in the sector and protecting consumers from potential risks.

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AI21 Labs Unveils ‘Contextual Answers’

AI21 Labs has recently introduced a novel question-answering engine called “Contextual Answers,” designed to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs).

This new engine enables users to upload their own data libraries, which effectively constrains the LLM’s responses to specific information, thereby increasing trustworthiness and usability.

The introduction of AI products like ChatGPT has transformed the AI industry. However, many businesses remain hesitant to adopt such technologies due to concerns about their reliability.

Research indicates that employees spend a significant portion of their workdays searching for information, making chatbots with search capabilities a valuable proposition.

Unfortunately, most chatbots lack the sophistication required for enterprise-level applications.

AI21 has addressed this issue by creating Contextual Answers, which bridges the gap between general-use chatbots and enterprise-level question-answering services.

Users can now incorporate their own data and document libraries, enabling more specialized and accurate responses without the need for model retraining.

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This approach significantly reduces the obstacles to AI adoption that many businesses face, including high costs, complexity, and mismatches with organizational data.

One of the major challenges in developing effective LLMs, like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Bard, is training them to express uncertainty when they lack sufficient information to provide factual answers.

Instead of admitting they don’t know, LLMs may “hallucinate,” generating fabricated information that doesn’t exist in their datasets, much like humans seeing things that aren’t there.

AI21 claims that Contextual Answers eliminates the hallucination problem by either providing relevant information based on user-provided documentation or refraining from giving any response at all.

This ensures that the AI output remains accurate and avoids misleading users with erroneous information.

Sectors like finance and law, where accuracy is paramount, have had mixed results with generative pretrained transformer (GPT) systems.

In finance, experts remain cautious due to the potential for hallucinations and information conflation, even when GPT systems can access the internet and external sources.

In the legal sector, a lawyer was recently sanctioned for relying on outputs from ChatGPT during a case.

AI21’s data-frontloading approach and intervention to prevent hallucinations offer promising solutions for these sectors.

The financial industry, especially fintech, may see increased adoption of GPT technology, which traditional institutions have been hesitant to embrace.

Similarly, the cryptocurrency and blockchain communities, which have had limited success with chatbots, could benefit from AI21’s novel approach.

Overall, AI21’s Contextual Answers represents a significant step towards improving the reliability and usability of LLMs, opening up new possibilities for their adoption in various industries where accuracy and precision are crucial.

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OpenAI Unveils Android Version of ChatGPT

OpenAI recently made an exciting announcement on July 21, unveiling its plan to launch an Android version of the popular AI chatbot, ChatGPT. Following its successful release to iOS users in May, the company is expanding its reach to the Android platform.

The announcement was made via a tweet, where OpenAI also provided a preorder page in the Google Play Store.

This page allows interested users to register for the app’s installation once it becomes available for download.

OpenAI’s decision to launch on Android comes amidst the company’s continuous efforts to enhance the safety and transparency of its AI tools. Measures like content watermarking have been implemented to address concerns about misinformation generated by AI.

One of the key features of the Android app is its improved security measures when compared to the web version.

Additionally, it will offer users the convenience of conversation history synchronization across devices, a feature already available on the iOS version.

The move to introduce both Android and iOS apps puts OpenAI in direct competition with Microsoft’s Bing Chat, which also utilizes OpenAI’s GPT-4 technology.

These apps present an alternative way for users to test large language models (LLMs) without the need for a web browser.

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Coinciding with OpenAI’s Android launch, Google has been rolling out its own chatbot called Bard in the European Union and Brazil.

Moreover, other competitors, such as Anthropic with its Claude 2 assistant, have been emerging. Claude 2 offers functionalities that surpass OpenAI’s paid version of ChatGPT.

Despite its prior popularity, ChatGPT witnessed a decline in traffic in June, marking the first such occurrence since its launch.

In a broader context, the crypto community has warmly embraced ChatGPT and other AI chatbots, with some enthusiasts even utilizing the technology to develop new tokens.

In conclusion, OpenAI’s decision to launch an Android version of ChatGPT marks a significant step in expanding the availability of this popular AI chatbot.

With its enhanced security measures and convenient features, it competes directly with other players in the market.

As the AI landscape continues to evolve, it will be interesting to see how ChatGPT and similar technologies shape the future of communication and information exchange.

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Bitcoin Laundering Couple Reach Plea Agreement with U.S. Authorities

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A plea agreement has been reached between the husband and wife implicated in the laundering of billions of dollars worth of Bitcoin linked to the 2016 Bitfinex hack and U.S. authorities.

Ilya Lichtenstein and Heather Morgan are set to appear for an arraignment and hearing on August 3, following records filed with the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on July 21.

This agreement comes as they faced charges of money laundering conspiracy and conspiracy to defraud the U.S., and as part of the deal, they will be forfeiting digital assets associated with the case.

The criminal activities stem from the notorious hack of the cryptocurrency exchange Bitfinex in August 2016, during which approximately 119,754 Bitcoin (BTC), valued at $29,841 at that time, were stolen.

Subsequently, Lichtenstein and Morgan allegedly engaged in a series of intricate transactions across multiple accounts and platforms, laundering over 94,643 BTC of the stolen funds.

In February 2022, the authorities arrested the couple in New York and seized the BTC.

At the time of the hack, the confiscated Bitcoin was worth roughly $54 million, but by the time of the current publication, the value had surged to $3.6 billion.

The arrests and the subsequent seizure of laundered Bitcoin marked the most significant financial seizure ever carried out by the U.S. Department of Justice.

Though some small amounts of BTC connected to the hack have been occasionally traced and moved, only a limited portion has been returned to Bitfinex by the authorities to aid in the restoration of victims’ funds.

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This plea agreement may bring some semblance of closure to the complex case, allowing the legal process to move forward while addressing the consequences of the vast cryptocurrency theft and its impact on the victims.

However, it also highlights the need for continued vigilance and security measures within the cryptocurrency space to safeguard against such high-profile hacks and money laundering schemes.

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Bitcoin Miners Grapple with Market Volatility and Operational Challenges in 2023

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In 2023, Bitcoin miners have been facing an uphill battle as the cryptocurrency market experiences volatility and uncertainty.

The past year has seen a surge in BTC being sent to centralized exchanges by miners to cover their operational costs.

The Bitcoin mining industry had a momentous year, earning a staggering $184 million from transaction fees in the second quarter of 2023.

This increase was attributed to the rebound in BTC’s price and the growing excitement surrounding BRC-20 tokens.

However, despite this revenue boost, prominent mining firms’ stocks outperformed Bitcoin’s market value by a significant margin, with their market capitalization rising by 257% since the start of the year.

To cope with the prolonged bear market, miners have been forced to sell mined BTC to cover expenses. June 2023 witnessed a record $128 million worth of Bitcoin sent to exchanges, leading experts to highlight miners’ tendency to cash out, cover costs, and secure profits.

Reports from Bitfinex indicate that mining companies are engaging in derisking strategies by offloading BTC to exchanges.

These strategies involve hedging activities in the derivatives market, conducting over-the-counter orders, or transferring funds through exchanges for various purposes.

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Cointelegraph reached out to prominent mining companies for insights into the current mining climate. Hut8’s CEO, Jaime Leverton, revealed that the company had been pursuing a merger with USBTC, which hindered its capital-raising efforts through at-the-market offerings.

To meet its operating costs, Hut8 sold a portion of its Bitcoin holdings and newly produced BTC.

Nevertheless, Leverton assured that the company still held more than 9,100 BTC (equivalent to $271 million) and remained bullish on Bitcoin, maintaining one of the largest self-mined Bitcoin reserves among publicly traded companies.

Foundry’s senior manager, Charles Chong, pointed out that current market conditions differed from previous bull markets, where miners could hold onto their BTC due to abundant external capital and higher production margins.

Now, with scarce external funding and reduced margins of 15-30%, miners are compelled to liquidate their Bitcoin to sustain operations.

Chong also noted that comparing the current market to the bear markets following the 2017 and 2021 peaks was challenging.

Bitcoin mining operates in cycles, with miners overinvesting in ASIC mining equipment during favorable times.

The recent all-time high in Bitcoin mining difficulty indicated a robust network, with new, more efficient mining equipment entering the market, requiring miners to update their fleets to remain profitable.

Despite market challenges, industry participants’ continuous deployment of machines and increasing hashrates signals their optimism regarding Bitcoin’s future price appreciation.

Difficulty increases, driven by rising hashrates, reflect miners’ confidence in potential upside for BTC’s price.

Unfortunately, the tough market conditions led to the closure of some major mining firms, including Core Scientific, which filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy in June 2023.

However, the company managed to raise substantial capital to initiate a reorganization plan slated for September 2023.

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Major AI Companies Join Forces with The White House

On July 21, the White House made a significant announcement regarding the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology.

Some of the most prominent AI companies, including OpenAI, Google, and Microsoft, have committed to prioritizing safety, security, and transparency in their AI endeavors.

Additionally, The White House commended other companies like Amazon, Anthropic, Meta, and Inflection for their dedication to AI safety.

The Biden Administration stressed the responsibility of these companies in ensuring the safety of AI products while promoting high standards in its development.

Kent Walker, the President of Global Affairs at Google, emphasized the importance of collaboration in achieving success in AI.

He expressed satisfaction in joining forces with other leading AI companies to support these commitments and assured that Google would continue to share information and best practices with others.

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The commitments made by these companies include pre-release security testing for AI systems, sharing best practices in AI safety, investing in cybersecurity and insider threat safeguards, and enabling third-party reporting of vulnerabilities in AI systems.

OpenAI’s Vice President of Global Affairs, Anna Makanju, highlighted that policymakers around the world are actively considering new regulations for advanced AI systems.

To address concerns in the rapidly growing AI industry, bipartisan United States lawmakers introduced a bill in June to create an AI commission.

The Biden Administration is also collaborating with global partners, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Nigeria, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom, to establish an international framework for AI.

Microsoft, represented by President Brad Smith, endorses The White House’s voluntary commitments and commits independently to additional practices that align with the objectives.

This move demonstrates Microsoft’s dedication to expanding its safe and responsible AI practices and collaborating with other industry leaders.

The misuse of generative AI and deepfake technology in conflict zones has raised concerns among global leaders, including the United Nations Secretary-General.

To address these ethical challenges, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris met with AI leaders in May to lay the groundwork for responsible AI development.

As part of this effort, the National Science Foundation announced a $140 million investment in AI research and development.

The commitments made by these leading AI companies and the support from the Biden Administration signal a collective effort to ensure the safe and ethical development of AI technology.

By working together and collaborating with global partners, they aim to set a robust framework that upholds AI’s potential while mitigating potential risks.

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China’s Digital Yuan Soars: Business Travelers Can Now Pay for Flights with CBDC

China’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital yuan, is gaining traction as a pilot program takes flight.

Chinese business travelers are now able to use the CBDC to pay for flight tickets, thanks to a collaborative effort between China Merchants Bank and the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

The newly introduced digital yuan platform aims to streamline transactions for travelers within the aviation network.

Companies and entrepreneurs can now conveniently use the digital yuan to pay for business air tickets, while passengers can access new services through the platform.

Already, China Travel Service, based in Suzhou, has leveraged the platform to purchase tickets for its clients.

The official launch of the platform on July 18 was celebrated by the Civil Aviation Administration and China Merchants Bank, who called for more innovative applications of the CBDC within the civil aviation industry.

The People’s Bank of China has been actively promoting the use of the digital yuan in the country’s transportation network.

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Beijing Daxing International Airport and Beijing Capital International Airport had previously partnered for a cargo-related digital yuan initiative in 2022.

To further enhance the adoption of the digital yuan, upgrades have been made to railway networks, light rail connections, and metro systems within the CBDC’s pilot zone.

These upgrades now allow for seamless digital yuan payments, independent of power or network connections.

Moreover, bus routes within the zone have also been integrated to facilitate digital yuan payments. Earlier this year, several highway toll booths within the pilot zone started accepting the digital yuan as a payment method.

The city of Shenzhen has been at the forefront of digital yuan adoption, with nearly 36 million digital yuan wallets opened by residents. Impressively, over seven million new wallets were created since the start of 2023.

This widespread expansion of the CBDC pilot program across various sectors demonstrates China’s commitment to transforming its economy through the broad acceptance of the digital yuan.

As the digital yuan pilot program continues to grow, more sectors are likely to embrace the CBDC, further solidifying China’s position as a leader in the digital currency space.

With ongoing efforts to explore innovative applications, the digital yuan is poised to revolutionize the way transactions are conducted in the country’s aviation and transportation industries and beyond.

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